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7 articles
Household surveys, GPS points, and photographs create durable records long before a final report is written. This article sets out practical data stewardship terms that U.S. funders and Malagasy community partners can agree on before collection begins, so that useful evidence does not become extracted knowledge.
U.S. funders often treat receipts as the default proof of spending, but many Malagasy community partners operate partly in informal economies. This article proposes documentation clauses that accept mobile-money logs, witnessed vouchers, and photo evidence while preserving audit confidence.
A well-built well, clinic, or solar array is not a completed project if no one has funded its repair. This article outlines budget terms that place maintenance reserves, local technician contracts, and spare-parts logistics inside the original U.S.–Madagascar agreement.
Matching-fund requirements can turn Malagasy diaspora associations into risk absorbers rather than co-leaders. This article examines cash versus in-kind matches, ratios, reporting burdens, and bank-account control—and proposes clauses that preserve diaspora leadership while meeting U.S. accountability expectations.
U.S. funders often negotiate entry terms in detail and leave exit to goodwill. A graduation clause can make the final phase of a Madagascar-focused partnership deliberate, dignified, and durable.
U.S. project calendars often assume a neutral year, but Madagascar's agricultural seasons, cyclone risks, school terms, and community obligations do not align neatly with quarterly reporting. This analysis shows how to write milestone windows, reporting dates, and payment triggers that are flexible without becoming vague.
A first grant is often treated as the start of a relationship, but the agreement behind it can quietly determine who leads, who learns, and who bears risk. This practical review outlines five terms U.S. funders and Malagasy community groups should settle before funds move.